Unit 4A: Pre Production Portfolio
Film Industry
INTRODUCTION TO FILM PRODUCTION:
A screen play is a written version of a movie. its not the final product; its a set of plans to guide the team of artists, craftspeople and engineers as they produce a film. every screen play is formatted with three basic elements:
- Slug lines - always in capital letters and acts as a code to convey information with the crew
- Action - short asserted sentences that describe who's in the scene and what they're doing. The action is written in present tense. The action is also limited to what the audience can see and hear.
- Dialogue - These are words spoken by the characters. Feature length screenplays are usually between 90 and 120 pages. Each page typically becomes about a minute of the final film.
Movies tend to focus on three main ideas:
- a protagonist - which is the film main character
- a goal or object - which is something the protagonist wants
- obstacles - which is whatevrs standing between the character and their goal
Heroes journey:
This is a template for character development that was popularised by the american mythologist Joseph campbell. By looking at myths from cultures all over the world, campbell identified 11 common steps taken by the main character as the transform over the course of the story:
- call to adventure
- assistance
- departure
- trails
- approach
- crisis
- treasure
- result
- return
- new life
- resolution
Conflict helps move the story forward, and helps us identify with the protagonists as they're struggling with their obstacles and screen plays can have different types of conflict.
- external conflict - occurs whenever the protagonist encounters physical obstacles
- internal conflict - is when the protagonist wrestles with some emotional or psychological obstacle
Screen writers often use something called three act structure, which is bases on theories by the ancient greek philosopher Aristotle. The idea is simple; that every story has a beginning, middle and end and that certain evens can happen in each section.
- in act 1 - it sets up the world of screen play, introducing the characters, identifying the protagonist and goal
- in act 2 - increasingly difficult conflicts, meets allies, success and set backs, brought to a point of hopelessness.
- in act 3 - it contains the climax of the film, epic face off between protagonist and and antagonist, a defining moment in achieving the goal, hollywood movies usual achieve this goal.
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SOURCES OF FINANCE:
How are films funded?
SOURCES OF FINANCE:
How are films funded?
The producer is responsible for funding the film until that. point and must pay any additional costs if the film goes over-budget. The producer will then take the contract to the bank for a traditional loan. The studio and producer will then share profits.
Where can film makers get funding from?
- BFI Film Fund.
- Development funding only: BFI NETWORK (for emerging talent only)
- Development funding only: MEDIA Sub-Programme
- Creative Scotland Film and Television Funding Programme.
- Creative England Fund.
- Northern Ireland Screen Fund.
- Ffilm Cymru Wales Development, Production and Cross Media Funds.
What is crowd funding?
Crowdfunding is a way for people, business and charities to raise money. It works through individuals or organisations who invest (or donate to) crowdfunding projects in return for a potential profit or reward. Investing this way can be risky, so make sure you know what your doing.
Examples of successful crowd funding in film: The Veronica Mars Movie Project – 2013In 2013, fans of the early 2000’s series Veronica Mars cheered with excitement as the original castmates and production crew teamed up to create a crowdfunding campaign on Kickstarter. The film took place years after the series came to an end, and Veronica gets pulled back to her hometown – just in time for her high school reunion – in order to help her old flame Logan Echolls, who’s once again embroiled in a murder mystery.
Crowdfunding is a way for people, business and charities to raise money. It works through individuals or organisations who invest (or donate to) crowdfunding projects in return for a potential profit or reward. Investing this way can be risky, so make sure you know what your doing.
Examples of successful crowd funding in film: The Veronica Mars Movie Project – 2013In 2013, fans of the early 2000’s series Veronica Mars cheered with excitement as the original castmates and production crew teamed up to create a crowdfunding campaign on Kickstarter. The film took place years after the series came to an end, and Veronica gets pulled back to her hometown – just in time for her high school reunion – in order to help her old flame Logan Echolls, who’s once again embroiled in a murder mystery.
The campaign raised $5,702,153 from 91,585 making it one of the most funded projects of all time.
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LOGISTICS:
LOGISTICS:
Film budgeting -
A films budget plays a dominant role throughout the films life cycle, with implications going far beyond the mere cost of the film. Perhaps the most tangible aspect of a films budget is that the amount that distributors will pay for a film is almost always calculated. as a percentage of the budget, regardless of the script, the cast or anything.
Major studios don’t disclose the full budgets for their films (production, development, and marketing/advertising). This is in part because it costs far more to make and market a film than it seems.
Indeed, for many films, the print and advertising costs alone can be extremely high. A $15 million film might have a promotional budget that's higher than its production budget. This is because many films that don’t have a built-in audience need to get people into the theater. Romantic comedies or some children's films need to promote themselves via TV commercials and media advertisements, and those costs add up quickly.
For any type of film, whether a blockbuster or an indie production, things like tax and revenues from product placements can help pay down the budget.
Job types -
Development
Cost of making a movie -
Development
- Director
- Producer
- Screenwriter
- Casting director
Production managment
- Production coordinator
- Production runner
- Locations manager
- Cashier
- Finance controller
- Accountant
Craft
- Costume designer
- Hair and makeup designer
- Set decorator
- Prop master
- Production buyer
Technical
- Photography director
- Script supervisor
- Lighting
- Grip
- Gaffer
- Sound
- Digital imagining Assistant
Post production
- Editor
- Colourist
- Subtitler
Sales and distribution
- Sales agent
- Publicist
- Marketing manager
- Film programmer
Being a director can come with quite a few common conflicts and troubles, they bear so much of the burden of making a film. Involved from the time the script is accepted to the moment of the films release. You have to be able to respect the skill of the other people working in the film production as well and acknowledging your skill. You have to have a lot of patience and willingness to collaborate.
Some practical advice to becoming the bets director would be be patient with Scots when your not getting what you want, protect your actors don’t let care members get in their way. Moreover don’t let anyone else direct your actors. Furthermore more ways would be to be on time, know your lines and stay focused And stay in your lane.
Cost of making a movie -
movie costs can be broken down into some broad categories, including script and development, licensing, and salaries of the big-name players, which usually includes the producer, the director and the big-name actors or actresses. Then there are the actual production costs, which include the ongoing salaries of all the people needed to make production happen; production costs eat up a big chunk of the budget, easily taking 25% of the total. And production isn't the end of the story: special effects, depending on the type of movie, can be an enormous cost, and music has to be composed and performed as well.
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TIME:
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TIME:
Most feature films are between 75 and 210 minutes long.
when making a film another factor is time. there are many ways time plays a part during he making of a film,
when making a film another factor is time. there are many ways time plays a part during he making of a film,
- actors and crew that have other jobs
- locations that may be only available for a certain period of time
- equipment that is needed for another project
- and deadlines the films need to meet
Film need timelines to operate. for things like insurance, actors availability and investors, it is crucial that the whole film has a tight schedule.
Typical hollywood films take :
- 3-6 months in preproduction
- 2-4 months ij principle shooting
- 6-8 months in post production
Investors won't pay money into a film if they don't know when they will get it back. if this timeline is broken they might not be willing to pay more.
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FACILLITIES:
Facilities is a major factor in making a film, facilities need to be planned for, whether that’s somewhere for cast to get their makeup done or a place to store equipment, this all has to be arranged when production and post production start.
In pre production you need to track down good amount of equipment for the upcoming shoot.
Camera is th driest thing you’ll need, important to balance you budget a cross the whole film so consider cost before quality. Options of buying or renting cameras.
Sound equipment is another part of pre production equitment you’ll need, you need to capture good sound to compliment your visual images. You’ll need to find a directional mic to put on a boom pole. To fully control the sound you’ll need a mixer to balance the levels, rental is again an option.
Lights is the third part of pre production equitment needed, though you’ll be able to use natural light in order to get exposure, you can improve the quality of light with some lighting and grip equipment.
Camera assesories is a the fourth part, even the most basic cameras need extra pieces to function properly, get enough batteries to keep the camera charged long enough. You’ll need something to record on, most cameras use a data card to collect eveything. Higher end cameras will enable you to change you lenses, this enables you to improve images with better glass. A tripod is also necessary if your not going for the hand held look.
Headphones are a small essential as great audio means monitoring the sound at all times while shooting, find a comfortable good quality set of headphones to make sure you avoid nasty suprises when you get back from the shoot.
Equipment can add up a large percentage of your budget so you need a good idea of what your getting into before.
Facility houses is a commercial company offering a range of TV or film facilities for hire. Some facility houses offer editing equipment that can be hired by the day, hour or week. They can offer very sophisticated ‘High end’ digital kit with highly skilled operators to creat CGI for movies.
Prop houses is a huge warehouse full of all sorts of things that a movie master prop might need for their production. Any set you need they can supply it.
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LOCATIONS:
You need to tailor your story boards to your locations and finding them early is key. The smartest thing you can do is hire a professional location scout who already has key locations in mind or knows how to find original ones perfect for your script. If your shooting in a studio or soundstage you’ll want to find one early to make sure it’s not booked up. Finding real life locations early is just as important as you need to keep enough time to process the necessary permits and paperwork.
A location recce is an essential part of the preparation and research processes to meet the potential contributors, asses your locations and research stories. You should make sure risk assessments are carried out for recces bearing in mind that it is often one person going out alone and the hazards driving distances and sole working come into it.
Some key questions you need to ask yourself before starting:
PERSONNEL:
Many people are needed to make a film therefore all crew, directors and actors need to have the right experience for the job making sure they can do what they need to and have the time for the job.
MATERIALS:
ADHERENCE TO CODES OF PRACTICE AND REGULATION:
The code of practice for location filming in London was developed to provide filmmakers with all you need to know to ensure a smooth running shoot in the city.
BBFC:
The British board of film classification is a non government organisation founded by the film industry in 1912 and responsible for the national classification and censorship of films exhibited at cinemas and video works released on physical media within the uk.
They help everyone choose age appropriate films, websites or videos however people watch them. they take surveys and focus on groups to think about what’s appropriate for children of all ages. They believe adults should be free to watch anything as long as it’s in the law, but they also have a responsibility to resist content when needed as it might cause harm to adults and society as a whole.
They recently rated VFW a film which it’s release date isn’t until 06/04/2020, an 18 due to strong violence and gore.
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CLEARANCES:
What is copy right?
Copy right refers to the legal right of the owner of intellectual property. Copy right is the right to copy. This means thst the original creators of the prodcut and anyone they give authorisation to are the only ones with the exclusive right to reproduce the work.
Fair Use is a copyright principle that allows certain otherwise copyright protected content to be used for commentary, criticism and educational purposes.
Fair Use is a legal theory and an exception to copyright that one can use a defense. It is not a license. This means that the holder of the copyright may still sue you even if you have a fair use letter from the attorney who helped you to obtain E&O insurance.
What is royalty free music?
Royalty-Free music refers to a type of music license that allows the buyer to pay the music license only once and use the music for as long as he wants.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LEGAL:
Health and safety:
Production Health & Safety isn’t meant to be scary. The point of having sensible H&S measures in place is to keep everyone safe. The consequences of not taking it seriously can be scary though.
During the filming of Star Wars, paramedics were called to Pinewood Studios in the UK. They attended to a 71-year-old man who had injured his ankle when a door fell from the set of the Millennium Falcon. The man was Hollywood actor Harrison Ford, and he ended up being out of action for several weeks. Health & Safety isn’t about how much money is involved, just how much care is taken.
Insurance may help cover the cost of damage or provide compensation in the case of injury or worse. It doesn’t stop these things from happening, it just deals with the aftermath. The best approach is to prevent these situations from arising in the first place.
Film and TV productions often require long hours in challenging locations working to a fast turnaround. By having proper H&S procedures in place, you are playing your part in keeping everyone you work with safe. How involved you are in this process and how much responsibility you carry depends on your role.
There are two key types of document that any production company should have in place before production starts. One is their Health & Safety Policy which lays out the company approach to H&S. The other is Risk Assessment which may be created for each scene, location, day, week, block or even a whole shoot depending on the timings and complexities involved.
It is initially up to the production company to establish appropriate procedures to control risk and place H&S alongside editorial and/or dramatic considerations. There should also be good planning, communication, co-operation and co-ordination by and between all parties involved in a production.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
REGULATIONS:
British board of film classification, BBFC:
We have two over-riding principles, which are as follows:
- To protect children and vulnerable adults from potentially harmful or otherwise unsuitable content
- To help children and families choose what’s right for them and avoid what’s not.
Advertising standards authority, ASA:
The Advertising standards authority (ASA) is the UK's independent advertising regulator. The ASA makes sure ads across the UK media sticks to the advertising rules:
- We respond to concerns and complaints from consumers and businesses and take action to ban ads which are misleading, harmful, offensive or irresponsible. As well as responding to complaints we monitor ads to check they’re following the rules. We also conduct research to test public opinion and identify where we need to take action to protect consumers.
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TRADE UNIONS AND PROFESSIONAL BODIES:
Pact (producers alliance for cinema and tv) is the trade association representing the commercial interests of UK independent television, film, digital, children’s and animation media companies.act is the trade association representing the commercial interests of UK independent television, film, digital, children’s and animation media companies.
Pact helps to shape the best possible regulatory and legislative environment for the independent production sector to grow domestically and internationally – the association has a strong record of success in campaigning for producers’ rights. Pact was highly influential in shaping the current production business environment and the Communications Act 2003, giving independent UK producers their intellectual property rights. In just over a decade, the sector has grown from a cottage industry to a world-beating multi-billion pound business. Pact is socially responsible and seeks to influence the wider industry to commit to diversity on and off the screen. Pact works closely with broadcasters and producers' groups to create training opportunities and promote fair access for all.
Facilities is a major factor in making a film, facilities need to be planned for, whether that’s somewhere for cast to get their makeup done or a place to store equipment, this all has to be arranged when production and post production start.
In pre production you need to track down good amount of equipment for the upcoming shoot.
Camera is th driest thing you’ll need, important to balance you budget a cross the whole film so consider cost before quality. Options of buying or renting cameras.
Sound equipment is another part of pre production equitment you’ll need, you need to capture good sound to compliment your visual images. You’ll need to find a directional mic to put on a boom pole. To fully control the sound you’ll need a mixer to balance the levels, rental is again an option.
Lights is the third part of pre production equitment needed, though you’ll be able to use natural light in order to get exposure, you can improve the quality of light with some lighting and grip equipment.
Camera assesories is a the fourth part, even the most basic cameras need extra pieces to function properly, get enough batteries to keep the camera charged long enough. You’ll need something to record on, most cameras use a data card to collect eveything. Higher end cameras will enable you to change you lenses, this enables you to improve images with better glass. A tripod is also necessary if your not going for the hand held look.
Headphones are a small essential as great audio means monitoring the sound at all times while shooting, find a comfortable good quality set of headphones to make sure you avoid nasty suprises when you get back from the shoot.
Equipment can add up a large percentage of your budget so you need a good idea of what your getting into before.
Facility houses is a commercial company offering a range of TV or film facilities for hire. Some facility houses offer editing equipment that can be hired by the day, hour or week. They can offer very sophisticated ‘High end’ digital kit with highly skilled operators to creat CGI for movies.
Prop houses is a huge warehouse full of all sorts of things that a movie master prop might need for their production. Any set you need they can supply it.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOCATIONS:
You need to tailor your story boards to your locations and finding them early is key. The smartest thing you can do is hire a professional location scout who already has key locations in mind or knows how to find original ones perfect for your script. If your shooting in a studio or soundstage you’ll want to find one early to make sure it’s not booked up. Finding real life locations early is just as important as you need to keep enough time to process the necessary permits and paperwork.
A location recce is an essential part of the preparation and research processes to meet the potential contributors, asses your locations and research stories. You should make sure risk assessments are carried out for recces bearing in mind that it is often one person going out alone and the hazards driving distances and sole working come into it.
Some key questions you need to ask yourself before starting:
- Is the location quiet enough for talking heads interview?
- Is there a power source for charger batteries, setting up lighting and what voltage?
- What is the access for vehicles and kit?
- Do I need to take a camera with me to test contributes on screen?
- Hat are the herald and safety considerations?
When shooting a movie you often have to think about unexpected weather and weather related issues. Rain can damage sensitive camera and audio equipment, extreme heat can exhaust actors and crew. Wind can also cause several problems, including visual disturbances and issues with recording audio on set.
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PERSONNEL:
Many people are needed to make a film therefore all crew, directors and actors need to have the right experience for the job making sure they can do what they need to and have the time for the job.
The Director - The main responsibility of the Director is to come up with the overall vision for the documentary. This should largely be decided at the pre-production stage. It then requires the director to translate this vision into actual shot material. It is their job to ensure that the material the director and his/her team shoot is technically and creatively of a high standard, is truthful, fair, entertaining and is of interest in terms of subject matter or narrative - £65 per hour
Camera Man- films or takes still photos - £30 per hour.
Accountant- keeps track of budget, costs - £20per hour.
Actor- performs in front of the camera - £15per hour.
Audio Technician- records sound and edits it.
Musician- plays or chooses music to be used - £15 per hour
Narrator- does voice over of content - £10 per hour.
Planner- develops production schedule, rents equipment - £30 per hour.
Producer- oversees the whole process, procures releases and handles copyright issues - £65 per hour.
Product Editor- edits film, recordings, looks for programming bugs - £100 per hour.
Publicist- creates press releases and the announcement for the Premiere.
Site Coordinator- scopes out and coordinates location for filming, recording - £20 per hour.
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Camera Man- films or takes still photos - £30 per hour.
Accountant- keeps track of budget, costs - £20per hour.
Actor- performs in front of the camera - £15per hour.
Audio Technician- records sound and edits it.
Musician- plays or chooses music to be used - £15 per hour
Narrator- does voice over of content - £10 per hour.
Planner- develops production schedule, rents equipment - £30 per hour.
Producer- oversees the whole process, procures releases and handles copyright issues - £65 per hour.
Product Editor- edits film, recordings, looks for programming bugs - £100 per hour.
Publicist- creates press releases and the announcement for the Premiere.
Site Coordinator- scopes out and coordinates location for filming, recording - £20 per hour.
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MATERIALS:
Imagine no music in a movie. Certain scenes, like the beginning credits, would have dead air. The movie would seem like it was missing something. Music is a very important element for a movie. In the silent movie period, music was played throughout the whole movie. A film score is the music for a movie. The film score is the music at the beginning of the movie when the credits are rolling, and it sets the atmosphere for the movie.Music is also played at critical points during a movie. Have your emotions ever been on edge during a suspense thriller when a certain piece of music is played at different points of a movie? Does your adrenaline start going and your heart start to beat faster during these points of the movie, when you hear that piece of music, because you know something is going to happen?Sound effect is defined as “any sound, other than music or speech, artificially reproduced to create an effect in a dramatic presentation, as the sound of a storm or a creaking door.” An action movie, for instance, is more interesting and bolder with sound effects. With sound effects, the viewer gets more involved with the movie.Sound effects are most often added into the movie post production. Many times when filming a scene with multiple actions going on at the same time, such as dialogue, sword fighting and other background action, sound effects are added post production to make the effect louder.
Production assets is any item purchased or manufactured during the course of a production which may have residual value and may be avalible for sale once no longer required by production.
Production assets is any item purchased or manufactured during the course of a production which may have residual value and may be avalible for sale once no longer required by production.
Costume:
Carry the Costumes Around: You should always have your entire actor's wardrobe at location. You can leave the clothes for actors who are not currently on set elsewhere, but bring every item for characters who are on the call sheet. Perhaps the production gets ahead of schedule, and you realize they can shoot another scene. Lack of wardrobe should not be the deciding factor. If you were having your actors bring their costumes from home, ask to keep all their costumes until the shooting is done. Otherwise, they might forget something one day. Stay prepared, even if it results in a little extra leg work.
Have Multiples: The key to having a prepared wardrobe department is having multiples of everything. Perhaps you have a scene where a character gets a pie thrown in his face. Well, his shirt is going to get dirty, but you need to shoot another scene immediately after that. If you have another shirt, then no problem. However, if your actor brought this shirt from his own closet or you rented it, you only have one and will need to figure out how to get it decent enough to shoot again. If you do not have such a scene, you should still not shrug this off; your actor could be enjoying some chips and salsa at the craft service table between scenes and cause the same problem.
Ensure Continuity: Be sure to go through the script and count how many days pass in the movie. Then, write down what scenes happen on which day. Organize your characters' wardrobe by movie days. Now, whenever someone says "moving on to scene 20", you already know what everyone should be wearing at that point in the movie. You should also keep pictures of the complete ensembles as you create them. Something as detailed as a ring can cause discontinuity.
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Carry the Costumes Around: You should always have your entire actor's wardrobe at location. You can leave the clothes for actors who are not currently on set elsewhere, but bring every item for characters who are on the call sheet. Perhaps the production gets ahead of schedule, and you realize they can shoot another scene. Lack of wardrobe should not be the deciding factor. If you were having your actors bring their costumes from home, ask to keep all their costumes until the shooting is done. Otherwise, they might forget something one day. Stay prepared, even if it results in a little extra leg work.
Have Multiples: The key to having a prepared wardrobe department is having multiples of everything. Perhaps you have a scene where a character gets a pie thrown in his face. Well, his shirt is going to get dirty, but you need to shoot another scene immediately after that. If you have another shirt, then no problem. However, if your actor brought this shirt from his own closet or you rented it, you only have one and will need to figure out how to get it decent enough to shoot again. If you do not have such a scene, you should still not shrug this off; your actor could be enjoying some chips and salsa at the craft service table between scenes and cause the same problem.
Ensure Continuity: Be sure to go through the script and count how many days pass in the movie. Then, write down what scenes happen on which day. Organize your characters' wardrobe by movie days. Now, whenever someone says "moving on to scene 20", you already know what everyone should be wearing at that point in the movie. You should also keep pictures of the complete ensembles as you create them. Something as detailed as a ring can cause discontinuity.
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ADHERENCE TO CODES OF PRACTICE AND REGULATION:
The code of practice for location filming in London was developed to provide filmmakers with all you need to know to ensure a smooth running shoot in the city.
- The industry can film effectively and flexibly in London
- All involved in location filming act responsibly, professionally and considerably at all times
- The practical impact of filming on people and business within London is minimised.
General location filing procedures:
All producers undertake to inform Film London of any complex shoots well in advance of the start of shooting to ensure effective liaison with all parties affected by the shoot. Film London undertakes
to facilitate such liaison in a timely and efficient manner.
Productions undertake that they shall inform the relevant Film Contact of a shoot that is taking place in a private location where such shooting may have an impact on the relevant Local Authority or Organisation.
All individuals working on location must take responsibility for their own health and safety and that of their colleagues. The producer has the overall responsibility for ensuring that adequate Health and Safety Policy and Management procedures are in place.
The British board of film classification is a non government organisation founded by the film industry in 1912 and responsible for the national classification and censorship of films exhibited at cinemas and video works released on physical media within the uk.
They help everyone choose age appropriate films, websites or videos however people watch them. they take surveys and focus on groups to think about what’s appropriate for children of all ages. They believe adults should be free to watch anything as long as it’s in the law, but they also have a responsibility to resist content when needed as it might cause harm to adults and society as a whole.
They recently rated VFW a film which it’s release date isn’t until 06/04/2020, an 18 due to strong violence and gore.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CLEARANCES:
What is copy right?
Copy right refers to the legal right of the owner of intellectual property. Copy right is the right to copy. This means thst the original creators of the prodcut and anyone they give authorisation to are the only ones with the exclusive right to reproduce the work.
Fair Use is a copyright principle that allows certain otherwise copyright protected content to be used for commentary, criticism and educational purposes.
Fair Use is a legal theory and an exception to copyright that one can use a defense. It is not a license. This means that the holder of the copyright may still sue you even if you have a fair use letter from the attorney who helped you to obtain E&O insurance.
What is royalty free music?
Royalty-Free music refers to a type of music license that allows the buyer to pay the music license only once and use the music for as long as he wants.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LEGAL:
Health and safety:
Production Health & Safety isn’t meant to be scary. The point of having sensible H&S measures in place is to keep everyone safe. The consequences of not taking it seriously can be scary though.
During the filming of Star Wars, paramedics were called to Pinewood Studios in the UK. They attended to a 71-year-old man who had injured his ankle when a door fell from the set of the Millennium Falcon. The man was Hollywood actor Harrison Ford, and he ended up being out of action for several weeks. Health & Safety isn’t about how much money is involved, just how much care is taken.
Insurance may help cover the cost of damage or provide compensation in the case of injury or worse. It doesn’t stop these things from happening, it just deals with the aftermath. The best approach is to prevent these situations from arising in the first place.
Film and TV productions often require long hours in challenging locations working to a fast turnaround. By having proper H&S procedures in place, you are playing your part in keeping everyone you work with safe. How involved you are in this process and how much responsibility you carry depends on your role.
There are two key types of document that any production company should have in place before production starts. One is their Health & Safety Policy which lays out the company approach to H&S. The other is Risk Assessment which may be created for each scene, location, day, week, block or even a whole shoot depending on the timings and complexities involved.
It is initially up to the production company to establish appropriate procedures to control risk and place H&S alongside editorial and/or dramatic considerations. There should also be good planning, communication, co-operation and co-ordination by and between all parties involved in a production.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
REGULATIONS:
British board of film classification, BBFC:
We have two over-riding principles, which are as follows:
- To protect children and vulnerable adults from potentially harmful or otherwise unsuitable content
- To help children and families choose what’s right for them and avoid what’s not.
Advertising standards authority, ASA:
The Advertising standards authority (ASA) is the UK's independent advertising regulator. The ASA makes sure ads across the UK media sticks to the advertising rules:
- We respond to concerns and complaints from consumers and businesses and take action to ban ads which are misleading, harmful, offensive or irresponsible. As well as responding to complaints we monitor ads to check they’re following the rules. We also conduct research to test public opinion and identify where we need to take action to protect consumers.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TRADE UNIONS AND PROFESSIONAL BODIES:
Pact (producers alliance for cinema and tv) is the trade association representing the commercial interests of UK independent television, film, digital, children’s and animation media companies.act is the trade association representing the commercial interests of UK independent television, film, digital, children’s and animation media companies.
Pact helps to shape the best possible regulatory and legislative environment for the independent production sector to grow domestically and internationally – the association has a strong record of success in campaigning for producers’ rights. Pact was highly influential in shaping the current production business environment and the Communications Act 2003, giving independent UK producers their intellectual property rights. In just over a decade, the sector has grown from a cottage industry to a world-beating multi-billion pound business. Pact is socially responsible and seeks to influence the wider industry to commit to diversity on and off the screen. Pact works closely with broadcasters and producers' groups to create training opportunities and promote fair access for all.
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